What material is commonly used for residential wiring?

Copper or aluminum conductors are the most commonly used materials for residential wiring due to their excellent electrical conductivity and cost-effectiveness. Copper is favored for its superior conductivity, durability, and resistance to corrosion, making it ideal for carrying electrical current efficiently over distances without significant energy loss. Aluminum, while having a lower conductivity than copper, is lighter and generally less expensive, which can make it a suitable alternative in certain applications. Both materials meet the necessary electrical code requirements and are widely accepted in residential construction for wiring electrical outlets, lighting, and other fixtures.

Other materials mentioned, such as steel conductors, are typically not used for residential wiring as they do not conduct electricity as efficiently and are more commonly employed in certain industrial applications or as support structures. Plastic insulation, while important for protecting the conductive wires, is not a conductor itself and does not carry current. Fiber optic cables, though beneficial for data transmission, are not suitable for residential electrical wiring as they are designed for light transmission rather than electrical current.